White Mutiny + Bhatta Issue + Wahabi Movement -- UPSC Civil Service IAS IES IFS

WHITE MUTINY & BHATTA ISSUE

The term White Mutiny refers to the events surrounding the dissolution of 'European Forces' of the British East India Company during the mid 19^th Century in the wake of the revolt of 1857.

Until 1861, there were two seperate forces under British to control the operation in India. One comprised those units of British Army serving tours of India and known as the "Queen's Army" & the others were the units of East India Company. The Queen's Army was the sovereign crown's military force.

The units of East India Company received Batta, extra allowances of pay to cover the various expenditures relating to operations out of the home territories while British Army did not. Moreover officers of British Army were senior to those of the same rank in the EIC's units. These differences in the make up of the army created cultural differences inhow they operated and viewed each other.

After the revolt of 1857, the Crown took over the affairs of East India Company & with the takeover the units of East India Company were to be transferred to the British Army under "Queen's Army". Governor General, Lord Canning did not give the notice to the European Forces of the transfer. The result was that with transfer their extra allowances in pay would come to an end. The laws regarding the transfer were also very unclear and it all lead to the open rebellion. The White Mutiny was highly successful in its terms, they were to either get bonus or release from their obligations

Wahabi Movement

The Wahabi Movement was a part of the Indian Freedom Struggle as it offered serious threat to the British Supremacy. The movement was lead by Syed Ahmed Barelvi, who was greatly influenced by the teachings of Abdul Wahab of Arabia and the preaching of Delhi saint Shah Walliullah. The movement essentially condemned all changes and innovations to Islam. It was a revivalist movement which held that the return of true Islam could only them get rid of the socio-political opressions.

With the intention of establishing supremacy, the Wahabis first lauched Jihad against the Sikh Kingdom in Punjab. In 1830, they occupied Peshawar. In the following years Syed Ahmed lost his life fighting against Sikhs. With the incorporation of Punjab into the dominion by East India Company, the target of Wahabi movement became the British.

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