CWG 2010 Important Points to remember

First time ever India had a medal in CWG goes back to a single bronze in 1934. Previous CWG were held at Melbourne in Australia in 2006, Manchester in England in 2002, Kaula Lumpur in Malaysia in 1998.

The opening ceremony of the games was on 3^rd October,2010 and the closing ceremony on 14^th October. The motto of CWG 2010 was "Come Out And Play". The motto was based on three core values –Humanity, Equality and Destiny. New Delhi becomes the second Asian city after Kaula Lumpur in 1998. The credit for the design of "Shera" goes to Idiom Designs & Consulting. Abhinav Bindra received the baton and became the first baton bearer.

No of nations participating are 72, while the number of events are 17. Suresh Kalmadi handed over the CWG Flag to the Lt. Governor of Delhi, Tejendra Khanna. The closing ceremony saw many artists. Usha Uthup, Shaan, Shankar Mahadevan, Sunidhi Chauhan, Shobha Mudgal, Shaimak Davar.

The country's largest power utility NTPC, was the Official Partner for CWG 2010, with sponsorship of nearly Rs 50 crore. The company helped with power for the games by its two stations at Dadri and Jhajjar.

CWG 2010 . . .

·       Australia tops. 221 Medals in all – 84 of which are Gold, 69 are Silver and 68 are Bronze.

·       David Dixon award goes to Jamaica's Tricia Smith, the womens triple jumper… This award actually goes to the best athlete of the Games. Last time in 2006 at Melbourne, India's shooter Samaresh Jung won the David Dixon award. This award was introduced in 2002 CWG, at Manchester.

·       Robert Green received the CWG flag for the next games at Glasgow, Scotland in 2014.

·       The last gold was from Saina Nehwal

·       Indian wrestler Sushil Kumar, the famous athlete as per the survey from 'Village News'.

·       Village News was the daily, published by the CWG OC.

·       PSPB (Petroleum Sports Promotion Board) announced the award of 10 lakh to each Gold medal winner, 7.5 lakhs to each Silver Medal and 5 lakhs to each bronze medal.

·       Usha Uthup sings "We are the Champions" by Queen.

·       Tom Daley, became the Commonwealth Games Champion at the age of 16, after beating Matt Mitcham.

·       Emily Seebohm of Australia won 8 medals in the pool.

·       Singapore's Yang Zi won the gold in Men's Single – Table Tennis.

·       World's no.1 women player in Squash, Malaysia's Nicol David won the gold.

·       Uganda's Moses Kipsiro did the rare doble winning in both 5000m as well as 10,000m race.

·       Manju Wanniarachchi won the gold in Boxing after 72 years for Sri Lanka.

·       Australia's Leisel Jones, has 5 gold medals in this games, and her total now becomes 10, equalling the record with Susie O'Neil (10 gold medals over three games in 1990,1994 & 1998) and Ian Thorpe( in 2 games in1998 & 2002). She is associated with Swimming.

·       Anna Meares from Australia captured three golds in cycling.

·       New Zealand won rugby sevens.

·       Australia's Nazzmi Johnston, got three gold and two silver in Gymnastics.

·       Winners of Women 4 X 400 m relay are Ashwini, Mandeep Kaur, Manjith Kaur and Sini Jose. Ashwini was a ticket collector with South Western Railways and received full support from her superiors for leave and guaranteed salary.

·       It must be mentioned that out of 101 Golds , 25 goes to Indian Railways Employees. Out of 38 golds with India, 13 being won by the Railways Employees. Figures for silver are 3 out of 27 and for the bronze it is 9 out of 36.

·       Also, 92 participants out of a total of 495 Indian participants at the CWG were Railways Employees. P.T. Usha also known by "Queen of the Indian Track" was also Railways Employee. The first gold for independent India was won at London Olympics in 1948 by Indian Hockey team whose captain Kishan Lal was a railwayman.

·       Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Award, instituted in 2009, was given by the president to RSPB (Railway Sport Promotion Board).

·       Nigeria's tennis player Ekundayo Nasiru, was discovered to have malaria and thus he pulled back and went back home.

·       Australia wins Men's Hockey against India with 8-0 score (4 goals in the first half and 4 goals in the second half). Australia has managed its top position in Hockey in the CWG since 1998 CWG. CWG 1998 Kaula Lumpur, Manchester 2002, Melbourne 2006 and now New Delhi 2010, all hockey golds to Australia.

·       In Women's Hockey this time too Australia won the gold. Australia won the Gold in Women Hockey in Kaula Lumpur and Melbourne. India won it in Manchester 2002.

·       Hockey was played at Dhyan Chand National Stadium

·       Delhi University Sports Complex saw the event Rugby Sevens.

·       Squash and Badminton at Siri Forts Sports Complex

List of Stadiums and Events.

STADIUMS	EVENTS
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium	Athletics, lawn bowls, weightlifting
Dhyan Chand National Stadium	Hockey
Indira Gandhi Arena	Archery, cycling, gymnastics, wrestling
Delhi University Sports Complex	Rugby Sevens
Thyagaraj Stadium	Netball
Siri Fort Sports Complex	Badminton, Squash
Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range	Shooting
Talkatora Stadium	Boxing
SPM Swimming Pool Complex	Aquatics
RK Khanna Tennis Complex	Tennis
Yamuna Sports Complex	Table Tennis

Suresh Rao Kalmadi, born in Pune Maharashtra on May 1 (labour Day) 1944, is the president of Athletics Federation Of India, Indian Olympic Association and Asian Athletics Association and a politician and businessman He had joined NDA, pune in 1960 and in 1964 he joined Air Force Flying Colleges in Jodhpur and Allahabad. He served the Indian Air Force between 1964-1972. He has been elected to Rajya Sabha thrice and also served as the minister of state for Railways from1995-1996 during the tenure of Prime Minister P.V. Narsimha Rao.

CWG MESS

·       V.K. Shunglu, the former CAG has been appointed to head the investigation into the Commonwealth Scam to dig the irregularities in the expenditure of Public Money.

·       A preliminary probe by CAG has already revealed that Central Public Works Department (CPWD) has paid  the contractor (Ahluwalia Constructions) twice for the same job at Talkatora Stadium Swimming Pool Complex. The contractor was already paid 200Crore for the main project, but CPWD went ahead to give additional contract for the job already covered by the main project.

·       CPWD is under the Union Urban Development Ministry, headed by S. Jaipal Reddy.

·       The auditors have also raised question about the tax deductions, which raise doubts on the integrity of payment release methods. CPWD has paid taxes on the behalf of the contractors, despite TDS being a part of the total contract amount.

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World War - 1 Facts

World War I

Involved more than 25 nations.

The main participant were -         

Central Powers / Triple Alliance	Allied Powers / Triple Entente
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey	France, Britain, Russia, Italy, United States of America

The German Empire was established in 1871. Kaiser Wilhelm, the ruler of Germany was very ambitious and wanted to make Germany a world power and thus entered into alliance with Austria-Hungary & Turkey. These three powers together came to be known as Triple Alliance or Central powers. On the other hand, French hated Germany & Britain was also alarmed at the increasing military powers of Germany, so in 1904 they joined hands and 3 years later in 1907, Russia also joined them and these three powers came to be known as Triple Entente or Allied Powers.

World War I began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the crown prince of Austria-Hungary in Serbia. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Austria-Hungary was supported by Germany and Serbia had the support of Russia backed by France. Britain did not join the war immediately but when Germany invaded neutral Belgium, Britain too joined the war on the side of allies. Since most of the nations had mutual defence alliance at that time, the war propagated and more & more nations got involved.

Germany was facing enemies on the both sides east as well as west. According to Schlieffen Plan, Germany decided to tackle the enemy at the West Front first with a massive attack on France and then concentrating on Eastern side to tackle Russia. But Germany had underestimated Russia. Russia very quickly mobilized army before Germany could get free from Western Front and thus forcing Germany to fight at both Eastern & Western Fronts simultaneously. But Russians were badly trained and ill-equipped.

Second Stage of the War – In 1915, the Ottoman Empire in Turkey was losing ground, so Turkey decided to attack Russia which was welcomed by Germany. Russians called help from Britain and France. Winston Churchill believed that winning the war in trenches was difficult and that Germany could be defeated only after crushing its weaker allies like Turkey first.

The German submarine called U-Boats weren't like todays submarines. They operated on the surface using regular engines, submerging occasionally to attack under battery power. Since it was difficult for underwater boat to stop and search suspicious ships, it destroyed many innocent merchant ships without giving any warning! The allies were able to overcome the menace of U boats only by convoy system, whereby they one hundred ships would sail together in a convoy that was protected by escort ships that used increasingly sophisticated equipment to locate the U-boats underwater.

Zeppelins were huge air ships used by Germany for bombarding in Britain. Normally they would leave their base at the dusk and bombard cities by observing the street and house lights. After bombarding at night, they would return their base before dawn. Zeppelins used hydrogen for lift and small engines to propel and could attain speed of 140 km/h. The Britain aircraft for long could not chase them. Later they developed new aircrafts with more powerful engines and deadly weapons to check these Zeppelins' menace.

For long America remained 'neutral'. The battles on the Western Front had no real winners. In 1917, Germany decided to win the war at sea and declared her submarines would sink all the ships in the Atlantic War zone whether they were allied or 'neutral'. Previously in 1915, Germany U Boat had already sunk the ship RMS Lusitania. On-board were 128 Americans and this outraged Americans, who broke off diplomatic relations with Germany. Later American President Woodrow Wilson learnt that Germany had offered to help Mexico regain their portions of South West that it had lost to the United States in 1840's if it joined Central Powers. To add to this German Submarines sank seven American ships. And on April 6^th 1917, America declared war on Germany.

In 1917, the third year of the war, the French Army had faced the bulk of destruction and discontent was high among army over the poor food, no home leaves and no rest. Some 30,000 men decided to leave and discipline received a serious blow. Situation was saved by addressing to the needs. The life of civilians was no better. Their lives were more controlled. Heavy taxation, rationing of food, factories taken over for arms production, longer working hours, censored news was done in Britain. In France, Germany and Russia, conscription came into force that all men between the age of 18 and 47 were compulsorily required to serve in army.

The fourteen points principle was proposed by American President Woodrow Wilson as a basis for ending the World War I and for keeping peace thereafter. First five were of broad international concern, next eight relating to territorial issues and the last 14^th point related to League of Nations. Allied nation dropped the pamphlets from plane on Germany and Germany agreed to these set of points as a basis for peace. Armistice was reached in 1918 and negotiations started for peace. The outcome was the Treaty of Versailles which held Germany responsible for the war and Germany had to part with much regions. It was forced to pay massive amount of damage caused by the conflict. Germany was actually not involved in the process of negotiations but was only asked to sign the Treaty which sowed the seeds for the next world war. The League of Nations was formed as per the principles, but the United States which had brought out the idea never joined it. Neither was League of any use as it could not avoid forthcoming conflicts of Italy, Japan & Germany.